Carbon and its compounds-science class 10th test paper

Based on the latest CBSE syllabus for the 2024-25 academic year, here is a comprehensive test paper for Class 10 Science Chapter 4: “Carbon and Its Compounds.” This test is designed to assess in-depth knowledge, competency, and familiarity with previous examination patterns.

Section A: In-Depth Knowledge Questions

1. Structural Isomerism in Hydrocarbons:

1. • Define structural isomerism.
   • Draw and name all possible structural isomers of pentane (C₅H₁₂).
   • Explain how these isomers differ in their physical and chemical properties.

2. Chemical Properties of Ethanol:

1. • Describe the reaction of ethanol with sodium metal. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
   • Explain the process of dehydration of ethanol to form ethene, including the conditions required and the role of the catalyst. Provide the balanced chemical equation.
   • Discuss the oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid, mentioning the oxidizing agents used and the balanced chemical equation.

3. Soap and Detergent Action:

1. • Explain the cleansing action of soaps and detergents.
   • Discuss the advantages of detergents over soaps, especially in hard water conditions.
   • Highlight the environmental implications of using synthetic detergents compared to soaps.

Section B: Competency-Based Questions

4. Functional Group Identification:

1. • Given the following compounds, identify and name the functional groups present:
     • CH₃CH₂OH
     • CH₃COOH
     • CH₃CHO
     • CH₃OCH₃

5. Homologous Series Analysis:

1. • Define a homologous series.
   • List the first three members of the alkene series with their molecular formulas and IUPAC names.
   • Discuss two characteristics of homologous series.

6. Distinguishing Between Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons:

1. • Describe a chemical test to differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
   • Explain the observations and the chemical basis for this differentiation.

Section C: Previous Year Questions

7. Esterification Reaction:

1. • Write the chemical equation for the reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid.
   • Name the products formed.
   • What is the role of concentrated sulfuric acid in this reaction?

8. Oxidation of Ethanol:

1. • What happens when ethanol is heated with alkaline potassium permanganate solution?
   • Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

9. Hydrogenation of Alkenes:

1. • Explain the process of hydrogenation of alkenes.
   • Write the chemical equation for the hydrogenation of ethene.
   • State the industrial application of this reaction.

Section D: NCERT Textbook Questions

10. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds:

1. • Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
     • CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
     • CH₃COCH₃
     • CH₃CH₂COOH
     • CH₃CH₂CHO

11. Formation of Micelles:

1. • Explain the formation of micelles when soap is added to water.
   • Discuss how micelles aid in the cleansing process.

Section E: Sample Paper Questions

12. Combustion of Hydrocarbons:

1. • Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propane (C₃H₈).
   • Calculate the amount of CO₂ produced when 44 grams of propane are completely combusted. (Atomic masses: C=12, H=1)

13. Isomerism in Butane:

1. • Draw the structural formulas of all possible isomers of butane.
   • Name each isomer.

14. Chemical Test for Alcohols:

1. • Describe a chemical test to distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid.
   • Explain the observations and the chemical reactions involved.

Section F: Case-Based Questions

15. Case Study on Ethanoic Acid:

1. • Ethanoic acid, commonly known as acetic acid, is a vital component in the food industry.
     • Discuss the physical properties of ethanoic acid.
     • Explain the reaction of ethanoic acid with sodium bicarbonate, including the balanced chemical equation.
     • Describe the formation of ethanoic acid through the oxidation of ethanol.

16. Case Study on Detergents:

1. • Detergents have become an integral part of modern cleaning processes.
     • Explain the chemical structure of detergents and how it differs from soaps.
     • Discuss the advantages of detergents over soaps in terms of cleansing action.
     • Highlight the environmental concerns associated with the use of synthetic detergents.

This test paper is curated to provide a thorough assessment of students’ understanding of “Carbon and Its Compounds,” aligning with the latest CBSE guidelines and examination trends.