Heredity- test paper science class 10th

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Class 10 Science – Chapter 8: Heredity
Comprehensive Test Paper (CBSE 2024-25)
Maximum Marks: 40 | Time: 1.5 Hours

heredity

Section A: In-depth Conceptual Questions (3 Questions)

  1. (5 Marks) Explain the Mendelian experiment with pea plants for dihybrid inheritance, and state the phenotypic ratio obtained in the F2 generation. How does this experiment support the law of independent assortment?
  2. (5 Marks) “Sex determination in humans is controlled by genetic inheritance.” Justify this statement with a well-labeled diagram and explain how sex is determined in humans.
  3. (5 Marks) Differentiate between homologous and analogous organs with suitable examples. How do these concepts support the theory of evolution?

Section B: Competency-Based Questions (3 Questions)

  1. (4 Marks) A pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with a pure dwarf plant (tt).
    • (i) What will be the genotype and phenotype of F1 progeny?
    • (ii) If the F1 plants are self-crossed, what will be the phenotypic ratio of F2 progeny? Show with the help of a Punnett square.
  2. (4 Marks) A couple has two daughters. The husband blames his wife for not giving birth to a son. As a science student, how will you explain this misconception scientifically?
  3. (4 Marks) Fossil evidence suggests that modern birds evolved from dinosaurs. Explain how fossils help in tracing evolutionary relationships. Give an example.

Section C: Previous Year Board Questions (3 Questions)

  1. (3 Marks) What is genetic drift? How is it different from natural selection? Explain with an example.
  2. (3 Marks) Why do offspring of the same parents have different characteristics? Explain with a suitable example.
  3. (3 Marks) Define the term heredity. Describe the role of DNA in the process of heredity.

Section D: NCERT Textbook-Based Questions (2 Questions)

  1. (3 Marks) Explain the monohybrid cross experiment conducted by Mendel using pea plants. What conclusion did he derive from it?
  2. (3 Marks) Explain the importance of variations in organisms concerning evolution. Give two examples.

Section E: Previous Year Sample Paper Questions (3 Questions)

  1. (3 Marks) What are the different factors responsible for evolution? Explain with an example.
  2. (3 Marks) A blue-eyed woman marries a brown-eyed man. Their child is born with blue eyes. Explain the inheritance pattern involved in this case.
  3. (3 Marks) Why do siblings sometimes resemble their parents but not exactly look alike? Explain with an example.

Section F: Case-Based Questions (2 Questions)

  1. (4 Marks) Case Study on Genetic Inheritance
    Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:

“A farmer in a village grew only yellow-flowered pea plants. One day, he bought a packet of pea seeds from the market, and when they grew, some plants had white flowers. The farmer was confused and consulted a scientist. The scientist explained that yellow is a dominant trait and white is a recessive trait.”

  • (i) What is a dominant and recessive trait? Explain with an example.
  • (ii) If the farmer crosses a heterozygous yellow flower plant with a white flower plant, what will be the probable phenotype ratio? Show using a Punnett square.
  1. (4 Marks) Case Study on Evolution
    Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:

“Scientists have observed that some species of birds in a particular region have different beak sizes based on their food habits. Birds that eat hard seeds have strong, thick beaks, while birds that eat nectar have long, slender beaks. This variation has been observed over thousands of years.”

  • (i) How does natural selection play a role in the evolution of different beak sizes?
  • (ii) How does this observation support Darwin’s theory of evolution?

Instructions:

  • Answer all questions neatly and concisely.
  • Support your answers with diagrams, Punnett squares, and examples wherever necessary.
  • Write to the point and use proper scientific terminology.

This test paper ensures a comprehensive evaluation of students’ conceptual understanding, application-based reasoning, and problem-solving skills in Heredity and Evolution based on the latest CBSE 2024-25 syllabus.

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